What is Vectorization?
Also known as: Raster-to-vector, Tracing
The process of converting a raster (pixel-based) image into a scalable vector (path-based) image. Used in textile design to prepare prints for screen printing, embroidery, and CAD systems.
In detail
Vectorization (also called tracing) converts pixel data into mathematical paths — Bezier curves, polygons, and shapes that can be scaled to any size without quality loss. Textile applications include: (1) screen printing — vector edges produce cleaner halftone screens than raster edges; (2) embroidery — embroidery machines need vector path data, not pixel data, to drive stitch direction; (3) CAD systems — Pointcarre, NedGraphics Easyweave, and similar industrial textile tools work in vector format; (4) signage and large-format printing — vectors scale to billboard size without pixelation. Two main algorithms dominate: VTracer (open-source, fast, good for high-color images) and ImageTracer (open-source, configurable, good for line art). Modern AI-augmented vectorizers add segmentation and edge-cleaning passes that produce cleaner output than the raw algorithms.
Example
A 1024×1024 raster floral motif is vectorized to SVG. Result: 47 paths, 312 anchor points, total file size 38 KB (vs. 4 MB for the original PNG). The SVG can scale to any size, supports per-path color editing, and exports cleanly to embroidery DST format.